![]() Experimental alterations of food distribution in two species of captive equids ( Equus burchelli and E. Influence of food distribution on behavior in captive bongos, Taurotragus euryceros: An experimental investigation. Group size, density and social dynamics in farm animals. Search in Google ScholarĮstevez, I., I.L. Status survey and conservation action plan. What is stress, and how does it affect reproduction? Anim. Effect of feeding space on the inter-cow distance, aggression, and feeding behavior of free-stall housed lactating dairy cows. Overcoming barriers to understanding the biodiversity contribution of private ranchlands. 10.1007/s1007-7 Search in Google Scholarĭavies-Mostert, H.T. Sex and species recognition by wild male southern white rhinoceros using contact pant calls. Social and reproductive behaviour of critically endangered northern white rhinoceros in a zoological garden. The status of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) on private land in South Africa in 2001. Relationships between patterns of fecal corticoid excretion and behavior, reproduction, and environmental factors in captive black ( Diceros bicornis) and white ( Ceratotherium simum) Rhinoceros. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. Rebelo, eds.) Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Slobodchikoff, ed.) The Ecology of Social Behaviour. Social systems, resources and phylogenetic inertia: an experimental test and its limitations. Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. 10.3354/esr00067 Search in Google ScholarĪltmann, J. A footprint technique to identify white rhino Ceratotherium simum at individual and species levels. Social distances of goats at the feeding rack: Influence of the quality of social bonds, rank differences, grouping age and presence of horns. We are grateful to Peter Buss and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript. The stay of IC in South Africa was also supported by a mobility grant from the Palacký University. ![]() We are very grateful to Harold Braack, Antoinette Kotze, Thomas Sikhwivhilu, Wikus Stemmet, Vítězslav Bičík and Norman Owen-Smith for their support and logistical help during our study, and to Petrus for help in the field in the private game reserve. We would like to thank the owner of the private game reserve and National Zoological Gardens, South Africa for the permission to undertake this study, personal accommodation and for the financial assistance. Knowledge of the social behaviour of free-ranging rhinos at potentially competitive places in smaller reserves can also be very valuable for better understanding of behaviour of captive animals. A sufficient number of feeding places and especially their good dispersion could help decrease the agonistic behaviour. ![]() We observed (79 h of observation) the social behaviour of rhinos at places, where they frequently gathered and the agonistic interactions between them were significantly more frequent at the feeding places (in the first reserve) than at the natural grazing and resting area (in the second reserve). Following the start of supplementary feeding in the first reserve, the rhinos changed their distribution and concentrated in areas around the feeding places. In the first reserve, the rhinos (n=13) were supplementary-fed while in the second one, the rhinos (n=8) depended on natural grazing. We studied the distribution and social behaviour of free-ranging southern white rhinos in two smaller reserves in South Africa. They are often kept in small populations and depend on supplementary feeding in the dry season, which can influence their behaviour and distribution. An increasing number of free-ranging southern white rhinos ( Ceratotherium simum Burchell 1817) live in fenced and intensively managed reserves.
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